- instruction set almost identical to the IBM 1800, as per
Gordon Bell
- see (offsite) (broken link??)
IBM 1130 Functional Characteristics.
IBM 1130 Functional Characteristics
File No. 1130-01
Order No. GA26-5881-6
- Box below was lifted from http://www.grand-canyon.az.us/bob/ibm1130.htm
(I'm getting tired of URLs that go away and the information is "lost".
Later corrected and enhanced by
Brian Knittel -
web site)
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The IBM 1130 was introduced in 1965 and is considered an early third generation computer. It was a single user batch system and the primary input device was the IBM 1442 card reader which could read 300 cards per minute. The primary output device was the IBM 1132 printer which had a top speed of 80 lines per minute. Shortly after I graduated the printer was replaced with an IBM 1403 printer which had a blazingly fast top speed of 600 lines per minute. The system console, which was attached to the CPU could also be used for input and output, but this was just a modified IBM Selectric typewriter and had a top speed of 15.5 characters second. The IBM 1442 was also capable of being used as an output device and could punch 120 cards per minute.
The maximum amount of addressable memory for the IBM 1130 was 32K (16 bit words) and the system that my high school had contained only 8K. The system had only one disk drive and the disk cartridge that it used contained one platter about the size of a large pizza, capable of holding about one million characters.
All of the CPU's math was performed using the 16 bit accumulator which also had a extension of another 16 bits that could be used to handle larger computations. All of the arithmetic was done in two's complement integer mode and there was no hardware floating point. If you needed to use floating point arithmetic you had to call a software subroutine. The range of integer values for single precision integer arithmetic was -32,768 to +32,767.
The Instruction Address Register (IAR) pointed to the next instruction in memory to be executed.
The CPU also had three index registers which could be used to modify the base memory address referenced by an
instruction. A subset of the CPU's instruction set was used to place values into the index registers, modify them
and store them.
Trying to debug a program (assembly/machine language) on the 1130 was a real chore. You had to sit at the console and single step through the instructions one by one, checking the contents of the accumulator, extension and various index registers after each step. This would not have been so bad if all of the little light bulbs in these displays were guaranteed to be working all of the time, but frequently some of them were not and you had to guess.
If you're interested, here's the instruction set:
LD Load accumulator (from memory)
LDD Load double (accumulator and extension)
STO Store accumulator (to memory)
STD Store double
A Add
AD Add double
S Subtract
SD Subtract double
M Multiply
D Divide
AND Boolean And
OR Boolean Or
EOR Boolean Exclusive Or
LDX Load index register
MDX Modify index register
MDM Modify memory*
STX Store index register
SLA Shift left accumulator
SLT Shift left together (accumulator and extension)*
SLCA Shift left and count accumulator*
SLC Shift left together and count*
SRA Shift right accumulator
SRT Shift right together*
RTE Rotate right (accumulator and extension)*
BSC Branch or skip on condition
BSI Branch and store IAR (Instruction Address Register)
XIO Execute input/output
NOP No operation*
LDS Load Status
STS Store Status
WAIT Wait
*Each instruction used five bits to indicate the operation code, and there were
actually only 24 valid operation codes. MDM (Modify Memory) was a variation of
MDX (Modify Index), the left and right shift instructions used just two opcodes with
modifier bits in the displacement field, and there was no specific code for NOP.
Usually, a shift instruction with a count of 0 was used as NOP. The eight
undefined opcodes were interpreted as WAIT.
+-------------------+----+--------+-------------------------------+
| Operation |Long|Index | short instr: displacement |
| Code | Bit|Register|Ind| long instr: modifier |
+---+---+---+---+---+--- +---+--- +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 |11 |12 |13 |14 |15 |
+---+---+---+---+---+--- +---+--- +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Most instructions could be executed in "short" (16 bit instruction) or "long"
(32 bit instruction) mode. If bit 5 in the instruction word was 0, the
instruction was executed in "Short" mode, and the low eight bits of the
instruction word were interpreted as a displacement relative to the Instruction
Address Register (IAR), allowing the instruction to reference memory within -128
to +127 words of the word after the instruction itself.
If bit 5 of the instruction was 1, the instruction was executed in "Long" mode,
and the effective address was taken from the second word of the instruction.
In this case the low 7 bits of the first instruction word contained modifier bits,
a shift count, or other data. Additionally, most long instructions could be
executed in "indirect" mode which meant that the address referenced by the
second word of the instruction contained the actual address (or pointer to)
the actual operand. Indirect instructions were flagged by turning on bit 8 of
the instruction word.
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- This was after the IBM 360 series introduction.
Apparently the low end 360 series (Model 20, later model 25) did not
reach this low level in pricing?
Introduction statement
from http://www.ibm1130.net/1130Release.html
For release:
A. M. 's Thursday
February 11, 1965
From
IBM
lnternational Business Machines Corporation
C. G. Francis, Director of
Information
Data Processing Division
112 East Post Road
White Plains, N. Y.
Bert Reisman
914 WHite Plains 9-1900
IBM INTRODUCES POWERFUL
SMALL COMPUTER
WITH MONTHLY RENTAL BEGINNING AT $695
WHITE PLAINS, N. Y., Feb. 11 . . . The first IBM
computer to
rent for less than $1,000 a month was introduced today by International
Business Machines Corporation.
Monthly rental of the new IBM 1130
computing system begins at $695. Its internal computing ability, however, is greater
than systems costing several times as much.
The desk-sized 1130 is
designed for individual use by engineers, scientists and mathematicians. But with
its range of peripheral units, the 1130 also will be used in such fields as publishing,
construction, finance, manufacturing and distribution.
For ease of use
by many individuals, an advanced storage technique is available with the 1130 computer.
Data and instructions for computer processing are recorded on a magnetic disk similar
in appearance to a phonograph record. Disks are protected by a plastic cartridge. Each
IBM 2315 disk cartridge can hold the equivalent of more than one million characters
of information.
The cartridge enables an engineer, for example, to store
information about his own work on his own disk. When he wishes to use the computer,
he simply slides the disk with its plastic jacket into a slot on the 1130 console.
Information from the disk is transferred into the 1130's high-speed core memory for
processing. The computer has a memory capacity equivalent to more than 16,000
characters of information.
The 1130 is designed for use in a wide range
of scientific, technical and business activities. These include:
- -- solving of complex mathematical and statistical problems;
- -- preparing newspaper, magazine and book copy for automatic typesetting;
- -- developing road, bridge and tunnel designs for civil engineers;
- -- scheduling construction projects using critical path techniques;
- -- analyzing geological findings to assist petroleum exploration teams;
- -- balancing electrical load flow for public utilities, and
- -- accounting for delivery route operations of bakeries, dairies and other
distribution companies.
To assist 1130 users in making effective use of their system, IBM will
provide more than 50 application programs for use in such fields as civil
engineering, publishing, mathematical and statistical problem-solving, and
petroleum exploration and engineering.
"Many small companies,
research centers and development groups have a need for low-cost computing power.
The 1130 can meet this need in the smallest engineering and commercial organization
or in separate departments of larger corporations," John R. Opel, vice president-marketing
of IBM's Data Processing Division, said. "It provides a high level of capability,
but at a cost that makes it practical to bring the computer right to the Individual
with a problem which must be solved," Mr. Opel said.
The 1130 computing
system employs the microelectronic circuits produced by IBM's Solid Logic Technology.
These circuits, similar to those used in the IBM System/360, operate at
billionth-of-a-second speeds. They enable the 1130 to perform as many as
120,000 additions in a second -- unprecedented power for a computer in this
price range.
Programs written in FORTRAN for the 1130 can be run
on the IBM Sysrem/360 if there is the same type of peripheral equipment
available in the System/360 configuration.
The application
programs provided without charge with the 1130, such as those for the solution
of mathematical and statistical problems, will simplify use of the computer
for individual engineers, business firms and consultants.
The
individual need only indicate which pre-written program he needs, supply data,
and he will receive an answer within a few moments. He can communicate with
the computer through its keyboard.
Since the user does not have to
tell the computer how to solve such complex problems as simultaneous equations
or multiple regressions, a good deal of his time is saved.
Information
generated by the 1130 can be represented graphically with an lBM 1627 plotter linked
to the computer. The plotter can prepare charts, graphs and diagrams from tabular
results calculated by the computer. The plotter can thus trace the shape of a cam
being designed or draw business graphs depicting trends in sales and manufacturing.
A set of programs available with the computer enable it to smooth out point-to-point
data and thus represent curves precisely.
To accomplish a variety of
applications ranging from research to route accounting, the 1130 can be used with
paper tape punch and reader, card read punch and a low-cost printer as peripheral
equipment.
Main memory of the 1130 computing system is a magnetic core
storage with capacity of 4,096 or 8,192 16-bit words. Memory cycle time --
the time required to move a word from and restore it to memory -- is 3.6 millionths
of a second.
The basic IBM 1130 computing system will rent for $695
a month and sell for $32,280. A typical system with disk storage will rent for $895
a month and will cost $41,230.
First deliveries are scheduled to
begin in the fourth quarter of 1965. The 1130 computing system will be manufactured
at IBM facilities in San Jose, Calif. It also will be manufactured by the IBM World
Trade Corporation in Greenock, Scotland, for customers outside the United States.
# # #
DPD 212-A
2/11/65-C2
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- From "Technical Information" release February 11, 1965 on
http://www.ibm1130.net/1130Tech.html
- Its basic configuration, with memory capacity of 4,096 16-bit words, memory cycle
time of 3.6 microseconds, and a paper tape reader and punch, has a monthly
rental of $695. Memory capacity can be expanded to 8,192 16-bit words.
- A new low-cost printer, a graphic output plotter, punched tape and punched card units
broaden the application capability of the 1130 computing system.
- The IBM 2315 disk cartridge, ...
When the cartridge is inserted in the 1130, the disk itself is engaged in two ways.
A power drive causes the disk to spin at 1500 revolutions a minute. At the same time,
a forked arm extends to read and write on both magnetic surfaces of the spinning disk.
Programs can be transferred from the disk to the 1130's core memory at the rate of
35,000 16-bit words a second.
- The IBM 1627 plotter, ...
One model of the 1627 provides an 11-inch wide plotting surface.
It plots 300 points a second in increments of 1/100th of an inch.
The second model provides 29-1/2 inches of drawing surface, and plots
at 200 points a second in increments of 1/100th of an inch.
- The new IBM 1132 printer is the lowest-cost on-line computer printer ever announced
by IBM. It rents for $275 a month. With a 48 character set, the 1132 printer can
produce 80 lines of alphameric copy a minute. If numeric results of computation
are desired, a numeric character set will increase printing speed to 110 lines a
minute. The 1132 supplements the 15.5 character-a-second console printer and
enables the computer to produce business reports comparable in appearance and
content to those produced by much larger computers.
Lou Greer, who used to sell the 1130, says the above printer may have been
the worst printer ever sold by IBM - he hated them.
- Paper tape ... are the IBM 1054 paper tape reader and the IBM 1055 paper tape punch. ...
Both the 1054 and 1055 employ the six-bit IBM standard perforated tape and transmission
code with odd parity. Punching and reading speeds each are up to 14.8 characters
a second.
- Card input and output ... two new models of the IBM 1442 card read punch.
- Model 6 reads at 300 cards a minute and punches at 80 columns a second.
The rate at which cards are punched depends on the number of columns punched
in each card. For faster processing of cards,
- Model 7 provides reading at 400 cards a minute and punching at 160 columns a second.
- Deliveries of the 1130 are scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 1965.
The 1130 computing system will be manufactured at IBM facilities in San Jose, Calif.
It also will be manufactured by the IBM World Trade Corporation in Greenock,
Scotland, for customers outside the United States.
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